In organisms, sexual selection extends past differential reproduction to affect sperm composition, sperm competition, and ejaculate size.
2.
The key to this is that the genetic structure spawns nonrandom genotypes which coupled with differential reproduction makes kin selection possible.
3.
If gradual change in the mix of genes and characteristics in a population occurs because of differential reproduction rates, it is evolution.
4.
I suspect much larger effects are the differential reproduction rates in different parts of the world, and human changes in the environment that affect fertility.
5.
:: Well, without strong differential reproduction pressures you're not going to deviate terribly far from the mean, to use a statistical analogy.
6.
Eusociality presents an apparent evolutionary paradox : if adaptive evolution unfolds by differential reproduction of individuals, how can individuals incapable of passing on their genes evolve and persist?
7.
If the death rate or survival rate for both populations is 100 % or 0 % then no change will occur, because there will be no differential reproduction.
8.
However, selection works through differential reproduction of phenotypes, and dominance affects the exposure of alleles in phenotypes, and hence the rate of change in allele frequencies under selection.
9.
Researchers Irene A . Chen and Jack W . Szostak amongst others, suggest that simple physicochemical properties of elementary protocells can give rise to essential cellular behaviours, including primitive forms of differential reproduction competition and energy storage.
10.
If the traits that give these individuals a reproductive advantage are also heritable, that is, passed from parent to offspring, then there will be differential reproduction, that is, a slightly higher proportion of fast rabbits or efficient algae in the next generation.
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